Iiseti zejenereyitha yedizili ikakhulu zenziwe ngamacandelo amabini: i-injini kunye ne-alternator

I-injini ye-Diesel yi-injini etshisa i-oyile ye-diesel ukufumana ukukhululwa kwamandla. Iingenelo ze-injini ye-diesel zinamandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho. Inkqubo yokusebenza kwenjini yedizili iyafana naleyo yenjini yepetroli. Umjikelo ngamnye wokusebenza uhamba ngemivumbo emine: ukungena, ukunyanzeliswa, umsebenzi, kunye nokukhupha. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba amafutha asetyenziswa kwiinjini zedizili iyidizili, i-viscosity yayo iphezulu kunepetroli, kwaye akulula ukuba ibe ngumphunga, kwaye ubushushu bayo bokutsha obuzenzekelayo bungaphantsi kunepetroli. Ngoko ke, ukubunjwa kunye nokutshisa umxube ovuthayo kuyahluka kwiinjini zepetroli. Owona mahluko mkhulu kukuba umxube okwisilinda ye-injini ye-diesel uyacinywa endaweni yokuba uvuthelwe. Xa i-injini ye-diesel isebenza, umoya ungena kwi-cylinder. Xa umoya kwi-cylinder ucinezelekile ukuya ekupheleni, ubushushu bunokufikelela kwi-500-700 degrees Celsius, kwaye uxinzelelo lunokufikelela kuma-atmospheres angama-40-50. Xa ipiston isondele kwiziko eliphezulu lokufa, impompo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwi-injini ifaka idizili kwicylinder ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu. I-diesel yenza iinqununu ze-oyile ezintle, ezixutywe kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nomoya ophezulu wokushisa. Ngeli xesha, izinga lokushisa linokufikelela kwi-1900-2000 degrees Celsius, kwaye uxinzelelo lunokufikelela kwi-60-100 atmospheres, evelisa amandla amaninzi.

I-injini ye-diesel yejenereyitha iyasebenza, kwaye i-thrust esebenza kwi-piston iguqulwa ibe amandla aqhuba i-crankshaft ukuba ijikeleze intonga yokudibanisa, ngaloo ndlela iqhuba i-crankshaft ukujikeleza. Injini yedizili iqhuba ijenereyitha ukuba isebenze, iguqula amandla edizili abe ngamandla ombane.

I-alternator ifakwe i-coaxially kunye ne-crankshaft ye-injini ye-diesel, kwaye i-rotor ye-generator ingaqhutywa ngokujikeleza kwe-injini ye-diesel. Isebenzisa umgaqo 'we-electromagnetic induction', ijenereyitha iya kukhupha amandla e-electromotive, anokuvelisa okwangoku ngesekhethi yomthwalo ovaliweyo. Mbini. Iinkqubo ezintandathu ze-injini ye-diesel: 1. Inkqubo yokuthambisa; 2. Inkqubo yamafutha; 3. Inkqubo yokupholisa; 4. Inkqubo yokuthatha kunye ne-exhaust; 5. Inkqubo yokulawula; 6. Qala inkqubo.

[1] I-Lubrication system anti-friction (high-speed rotation of crankshaft, xa ingekho i-lubrication, ishaft iyakunyibilika ngoko nangoko, kwaye ipiston kunye nepiston ring ziya kubuyiselana ngesantya esiphezulu kwicylinder. Isantya somgca siphezulu njenge-17-23m / s, okulula ukubangela ukushisa kunye nokutsala i-cylinder. ) Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukuguga kunye nokukrazula kwamalungu omatshini. Ikwanayo nemisebenzi yokupholisa, ukucoca, ukutywina, kunye ne-anti-oxidation kunye nokubola.

Ukugcinwa kwenkqubo yokuthambisa? Jonga inqanaba leoli rhoqo ngeveki ukugcina inqanaba leoli elichanekileyo; emva kokuqala injini, khangela ukuba uxinzelelo lweoyile luqhelekile. ? Jonga inqanaba leoli rhoqo ngonyaka ukugcina inqanaba leoli elichanekileyo; khangela ukuba uxinzelelo lweoyile luqhelekile na emva kokuqalisa injini; thatha isampuli yeoli kwaye ubuyisele i-oyile kunye nesihluzo se-oyile. ? Jonga inqanaba leoli yonke imihla. ? Thatha iisampulu zeoyile rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-250, kwaye emva koko ubuyisele isihluzo se-oyile kunye neoyile. ? Coca i-crankcase breather rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-250. ? Jonga inqanaba le-oyile ye-injini kwi-crankcase kwaye ugcine inqanaba le-oyile phakathi kwe-"plus" kunye ne-"full" amanqaku kwicala "lokumisa i-injini" yediphu yeoli. ? Qwalasela la malungu alandelayo xa evuza: i-crankshaft seal, i-crankcase, isihluzo se-oyile, iplagi yokudlula i-oyile, i-sensor kunye ne-valve cover.

[2] Inkqubo yamafutha igqiba ukugcinwa, ukuhluzwa kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamafutha. Isixhobo sokubonelela ngamafutha: itanki ye-diesel, impompo yamafutha, isihluzo se-diesel, i-injector fuel, njl.

Ukugcinwa kwesixokelelwano se-fuel Jonga ukuba amajoyinti omgca wepetroli akhululekile okanye ayavuza. Qinisekisa ukuba unikezela ngamafutha enjini. Gcwalisa itanki yepetroli ngesibaso rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbini; khangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwamafutha luqhelekile na emva kokuqalisa injini. Jonga ukuba uxinzelelo lwamafutha luqhelekile na emva kokuqalisa injini; Gcwalisa itanki yamafutha ngamafutha emva kokuba injini iyekile ukusebenza. Khupha amanzi kunye nentlenga kwitanki yamafutha rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-250 Buyisela isihluzo sedizili rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-250.

[3] Inkqubo yokupholisa Ijeneretha ye-diesel ivelisa ukushisa okuphezulu ngenxa yokutsha kwedizili kunye nokuxutywa kweengxenye ezihambayo ngexesha lokusebenza. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iindawo ezishushu ze-injini ye-diesel kunye negobolondo ye-supercharger ayichatshazelwa ngubushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthanjiswa kwendawo nganye yokusebenza, Kufuneka ipholiswe kwindawo eshushu. Xa ijenereyitha yedizili ingapholiswanga kakuhle kwaye nobushushu bamalungu buphezulu kakhulu, oko kuya kubangela ukusilela. Iinxalenye zejenereyitha ye-diesel akufanele zigqithise, kwaye ukushisa kwamacandelo aphantsi kakhulu ukuba kubangele imiphumo emibi.

Ukugcinwa kwenkqubo yokupholisa? Jonga inqanaba lesipholisi yonke imihla, yongeza into yokupholisa xa kufuneka? Jonga ukuxinana kwe-rust inhibitor kwisipholisi rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-250, yongeza i-rust inhibitor xa kuyimfuneko? Coca yonke inkqubo yokupholisa rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-3000 kwaye ufake indawo yokupholisa entsha ? Jonga inqanaba lesipholisi qho ngeveki ukugcina umgangatho wokupholisa ochanekileyo. ? Jonga ukuba kukho ukuvuza kwemibhobho minyaka le, jonga ukuxinana kwearhente yokunqanda umhlwa kwisipholisi, kwaye wongeze into ethintela umhlwa xa kukho imfuneko. ? Khupha isixhobo sokupholisa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu, coca kwaye ugungxule isixokelelwano sokupholisa; endaweni yokulawula ubushushu; buyisela umbhobho werabha; gcwalisa kwakhona isixokelelwano sokupholisa ngesipholisi.

[4] Inkqubo yokungena kunye ne-exhaust Inkqubo ye-injini kunye ne-exhaust ye-injini ye-diesel ibandakanya iipayipi zokungena kunye nokukhupha, izihlungi zomoya, iintloko ze-cylinder, kunye neepaseji zokungena kunye nokukhupha kwi-cylinder block. Ukugcinwa kwenkqubo yokungenisa kunye nokukhupha Hlola isalathisi sokucoca umoya ngeveki, kwaye ubeke indawo yokucoca umoya xa icandelo lesalathisi esibomvu libonakala. Shintsha isihluzo somoya rhoqo ngonyaka; khangela/lungisa ukucocwa kwevalvu. Jonga isalathisi sokucoca umoya yonke imihla. Coca/utshintshe isihluzo somoya rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-250. Xa iseti entsha yejenereyitha isetyenziselwa iiyure ezingama-250 okokuqala, kuyafuneka ukujonga / ukulungelelanisa ukucocwa kwevalve.

[5] Ulawulo lwenkqubo yokulawula inaliti yamafutha, ulawulo lwesantya sokungenzi nto, ulawulo lokuthatha, ulawulo lokunyusa, ulawulo lokukhupha, ulawulo lokuqalisa.

Impazamo yokuzixilonga kunye nokhuseleko lokungaphumeleli, Ulawulo oludityanisiweyo lwe-injini ye-diesel kunye nokuhanjiswa ngokuzenzekelayo, Ukulawulwa kwesitofu se-Fuel: Ukulawulwa kwesitofu se-Fuel ikakhulu kubandakanya: ulawulo lokubonelela ngamafutha (i-injection), ukunikezelwa kwamafutha (i-injection) ukulawula ixesha, ukunikezelwa kwamafutha (i-injection) ukulawula izinga kunye Ulawulo loxinzelelo lwe-fuel injection, njl.

Ukulawulwa kwesantya sokungenzi nto: Ulawulo lwesantya esingasebenziyo se-injini ye-diesel ikakhulu lubandakanya ukulawulwa kwesantya sokungasebenzi kunye nokufana kwe-cylinder nganye ngexesha le-idling.

Ulawulo lokuthatha: Ulawulo lokuthatha i-injini ye-diesel ikakhulu ibandakanya ulawulo lwe-throttle, ulawulo oluguqukayo lwe-swirl kunye nolawulo lwexesha levalvu.

Ulawulo lwe-Supercharging: Ulawulo lwe-supercharging ye-injini ye-diesel ilawulwa ikakhulu yi-ECU ngokwesiginali yesantya se-injini ye-diesel, uphawu lomthwalo, uphawu loxinzelelo lokunyusa, njl., ngokulawula ukuvulwa kwevalve ye-wastegate okanye i-angle yokutofa yegesi yokukhupha. i-injector, kunye ne-turbocharger turbine yokukhupha igesi yokungena Imilinganiselo efana nobukhulu becandelo elinqamlezayo linokuqonda ulawulo lwendawo yokusebenza kunye nokunyusa uxinzelelo lwe-turbocharger yegesi yokukhupha, ukuze kuphuculwe iimpawu ze-torque ye-injini ye-diesel, ukuphucula ukukhawulezisa ukusebenza, kunye nokunciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nengxolo.

Ulawulo lokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo: Ulawulo lokukhutshwa kweenjini zedizili lulawulo lokuphuma kwakhona kwerhasi ephumayo (EGR). I-ECU ilawula ukuvulwa kwevalve ye-EGR ngokwenkqubo yememori ngokwesantya se-injini ye-diesel kunye nomqondiso womthwalo ukulungisa izinga le-EGR.

Ulawulo lokuqalisa: Ulawulo lokuqalisa injini ye-diesel ikakhulu lubandakanya ulawulo lonikezelo lwamafutha (isitofu), unikezelo lwamafutha (isitofu) ulawulo lwexesha, kunye nolawulo lwesixhobo sokufudumeza kwangaphambili. Phakathi kwabo, ukunikezelwa kwamafutha (i-injection) ulawulo kunye nokunikezelwa kwepetroli (i-injection) ulawulo lwexesha luyahambelana nezinye iinkqubo. Imeko iyafana.

Ukuzixilonga ngempazamo kunye nokhuseleko lokungaphumeleli: Inkqubo yokulawula i-diesel ye-elektroniki iqulethe ii-subsystems ezimbini: ukuzixilonga kunye nokukhusela ukusilela. Xa inkqubo yokulawula i-diesel ye-electronic ihluleka, inkqubo yokuxilongwa ngokwayo iya kukhanyisa "isalathisi sephutha" kwipaneli yesixhobo ukukhumbuza umqhubi ukuba anikele ingqalelo, kwaye agcine ikhowudi yephutha. Ngexesha lokugcinwa, ikhowudi yephutha kunye nolunye ulwazi lunokufunyanwa ngeendlela ezithile zokusebenza; ngaxeshanye; Inkqubo engaphumeleliyo ivula inkqubo yokukhusela ehambelanayo, ukwenzela ukuba i-diesel fuel iqhubeke nokusebenza okanye iphoqelelwe ukuba igxininise.

Ulawulo oludityanisiweyo lwe-injini ye-diesel kunye nokuhanjiswa okuzenzekelayo: Kwizithuthi zedizili ezixhotyiswe ngothumelo oluzenzekelayo olulawulwa ngombane, i-ECU yolawulo lwe-injini ye-diesel kunye nolawulo oluzenzekelayo lwe-ECU ludityanisiwe ukuqonda ulawulo olubanzi lwe-injini ye-diesel kunye nokudluliselwa okuzenzekelayo ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemoto. .

[6] Inkqubo encedisayo yenkqubo yokuqalisa kunye nomsebenzi wezixhobo ze-injini ye-diesel idla amandla. Ukwenza utshintsho lwe-injini ukusuka kwimeko emileyo ukuya kwindawo yokusebenza, i-crankshaft ye-injini kufuneka iqale ijikelezwe ngamandla angaphandle ukuze i-piston ibuyele, kwaye umxube otshayo kwi-cylinder uyatshiswa. Ukwandiswa kuyasebenza kwaye kutyhala ipiston ezantsi ukujikelezisa i-crankshaft. Injini inokusebenza ngokwayo, kwaye umjikelo womsebenzi unokuqhubeka ngokuzenzekelayo. Ke ngoko, yonke inkqubo ukusukela xa icrankshaft iqala ukujikeleza phantsi kwentshukumo yamandla angaphandle ide iqalise ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo ibizwa ngokuba kukuqala kwenjini. Jonga phambi kokuba uqalise ijenereyitha · Khangela iFuel Jonga ukuba iindawo ezidityanisiweyo zomzila wepetroli zikhululekile na kwaye kukho ukuvuza. Qinisekisa ukuba unikezela ngamafutha enjini. Kwaye idlula i-2/3 yesikali esipheleleyo. Inkqubo yokuthambisa (jonga i-oyile) ijonga inqanaba leoli kwi-crankcase ye-injini, kwaye igcina inqanaba le-oyile kwi-"ADD" kunye ne "FULL" ye "injini yokumisa" kwidipstick yeoli. Phawula phakathi. ·Ujongo lwenqanaba lolwelo lweAntifreeze .Ujongo lombane webhetri Ibhetri ayinakuvuza kwaye amandla ombane ebhetri yi 25-28V . Ukutshintsha kwemveliso ye-generator ivaliwe.